7.  Red eyes and Gray eyes.



Red eyes and Gray eyes are caused by two different

conditions. Red eyes are the result of the flash, located too

close to the camera lens, reaching through the lens of the eye

and illuminating the retina, or the part at the back of the

eye.  This can be seen in photos of people or pets, although

the colors may be different.  While in us humans it's known

as "redeye", in animals red, green, and amber are common colors.



Gray eyes in pets and animals are the same as in people, usually

due to cataracts.



Red eye is a condition that can be avoided in photographing both

people and pets.  Because the light from the flash goes

straight into the eye and lights up the back, the trick is to

move the flash away from the camera lens so the flash won't

illuminate the part of the retina seen by the lens.  Some

say shoot in brighter light to make the lens close down a little,

lessening the effect.  But with many flash/camera

combinations, it may still show up a bit.  The close shot of

"Tan" in Topic 2 doesn't show any redeye, even though the flash

was mounted directly on the camera, because he is looking

slightly away from the camera.  Redeye is at it's worse when

the subject's eyes are fixed on the camera lens.



An easy remedy, and on that works on all those old photos that

have red eyes in them, is to get a "Redeye Pen", or some such

thing, from a camera shop.  Basically, it's a fine point

marker.  Just touch out the red in the eyes and it will look

like it was never there.  Since the part of the eye that

appears red should actually be black, a black, fine point,

permanent marker, like a Sharpie, may also do the trick. 

But they may leave a slightly different sheen on the surface of

the print. Redeye pens made for this purpose minimize those

differences on the print so many times, if you're careful in it's

use, the art work isn't the least bit noticeable.



Gray eye is a condition that a person or animal will display no

matter what the lighting.  Here again, if the eyes are small

in the print, a redeye pen or marker will do the trick.  If

the eyes are larger, you may want to get a pen made specifically

for print "spotting", as it's called, in a color matching the

original.